Critical Analysis of Leadership of Steve Jobs - 3952 Words

critical analysis of the leadership style of Steve Jobs Author’s Last Name, First name, year of submission, title, degree, institution’s name, and location of the institution Introduction The aim of this work is analytical consideration of leadership style of Mr. Steve Jobs, co-founder and later the Chairman and CEO of Apples Computers Incorporated, a most successful businessman today. The challenge of the times The times are upon us when brilliant management and leadership are confounded. In the times of global technical breakthroughs and revolutionary transformations, as the power of â€Å"know-how† and the say-so of â€Å"vision† have joined their hands in leading organizations across sudden gulfs of learning, discoveries, necessitating†¦show more content†¦Apple Incorporated products are well-known and easily recognizable across the whole world in line of personal computers, iphones, ipods and IPads. As of September 25, 2010, the Company had opened a total of 317 retail stores, including 233 stores in the United States and 84 stores internationally (The New York Times, 2011). Reminiscence of the past With a little reminiscence of the past, the company was founded in 1976 by Steve Jobs and his partner Steve Wozniak only to see Mr. Jobs vacate the premises due to a fall-out with Mr. Sculley in 1985, â€Å"hand-picked CEO, recruited from Pepsi† (Owen W. Linzmayer, 1999). This was an extremely humbling experience, which often shapes leadership providing the mold for them tried with the times of being downcast. As Apple’s product Newton failed under governance of Mr. Sculley, the company could not compare to Microsofts Windows operating system, having become the mainstay of computer standards. (Owen W. Linzmayer, 1999, P. 60) In 1997 upon return of Mr. Jobs, 12 years later, the company finally began to see the light at the time when Mr. Dell was building his own computer empire, saying: â€Å"Apples smartest move would be to shut it down and give the money back to the shareholders.† (New York Times, 2001 updated). However, such a stance into future possibilities was not daunting for Mr. Jobs at all. The same goes for anyShow MoreRelatedCritical Analysis Of Steve Jobs Leadership1224 Words   |  5 Pagesessay is to critically analyse Steve Jobs leadership style and power relations experienced within Apple under Jobs’ leadership. Many argued the way Jobs led Apple Inc. had a positive effect on the business to reach its goals while others believed that some of Jobs’ actions could potentially have destructive consequences suggesting he was having a negative effect on the business. The essay will draw on the literature of power politics and leadership to analyse whether Jobs was a Transformational or ToxicRead MoreSteve Jobs as a Visionary and Transformational Leader1165 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Steve Jobs unique approach to leadership and visionary approach to creating, producing and selling innovative products, combined with his innate ability to orchestrate increasingly complex companies have earned him many accolades. Fortune Magazine named him the best leader of the Decade and countless other publications, colleges and universities have given him many accolades and honorary degrees. All these external measures of success reflect who Steve Jobs is on a daily basis,Read MoreLeadership Steve Jobs Essay1004 Words   |  5 Pages Steve Jobs Outline Michael Spellberg Critical Thinking amp; Problem-Solving August 10, 2014 Professor Ketsia Mcclease DeVry University Steve Jobs Outline I.Introduction   The greatest visionary and leader the late Steve Jobs, he revolutionized the world with his innovations and leadership, he was the leader who brought PC to the mass business sector, then happened to make music players and cell telephones that consumer cherished. His small telephones were packed with so much processingRead MoreThe Social Responsibility Of Apple Inc.1687 Words   |  7 Pagesconsumer software, the organization produces the iOS and macOS, iWork, Safari, ad iTunes media player. In terms of the online services, the organization is known to provide the iTunes Store, Apple Music, and iCloud, to mention a few. Since Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne brought the company to life in April of 1976, it has had just one major objective that the organization was made for included to help with developing and selling of personal computers. Although after being operationalRead MoreThe Importance Of Putting The Right Person1339 Words   |  6 Pagesrepresents a strategic tool to assist with evaluating a company’s internal resources and capabilities as a way to provide a competitive advantage (Jurevicius, 2013). This tool can provide insight into the critical nature an organization assumes with identifying, sourcing and attracting new leadership. Leaders drive organizations, set the tone, establish culture and are ultimately accountable for organizational performance. People lead the way to successful operations. Without the right people a businessRead MoreSteve Jobs And His Leadership Style2256 Words   |  10 Pages The report is about Steve Jobs and his leadership style in the contemporary world. He is the founder of Apple and later again rejoined the company in 1997 and led to the massive turnaround of Apple to become the technology giant. During his tenure, he made the company into the most profitable technology company of the world. Organisations which began their operations before Apple were left behind. This happened due to the charismatic and transformational leadership of Jobs which made the companyRead MoreTransformational Leadership s Influence On Employee Engagement And Organisational Performance1573 Words   |  7 PagesEver since its conceptual introduction by Burns (1978), transformational leadership has been applied by numerous leaders over the years. It was later on developed by various academics, notably Bass (1985) with his presentation of the four pillars of transformational leadership – the four I’s – idealised influence/charisma, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualised consideration. Observations have been made across these many studies about the transformational leadership’sRead MoreInnovation Strategy Development1605 Words   |  7 PagesDeveloping an Innovation Strategy Frame Work The Innovative ideas and strategy plans and developments can only take valuable shape and growth with the right leadership and driving force. Therefore with the discussions developed and generated, I have come to an understanding that successful innovation strategy is determined by the true leadership of an innovative leader with an innovative mindset who wants to achieve success for his organization, employees and himself. Instead of being comfortable andRead MoreThe Challenges Of The Contemporary Business Environment1461 Words   |  6 Pagesstructure, incentives, culture, and even design. Strange enough, these organizations also encounter enormous barriers in their quest to overcome the aforementioned challenges. Owing to the above alluded facts, this paper seeks to establish a critical analysis of operational barriers to success based upon the operational framework of an American company by the name Apple. Tools that an Organization Might use to Help Identify Barriers There are various tools that an organization can use to ascertainRead MoreEssay about Case Analysis Of Apple1186 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Case analysis of â€Å"Apple Inc. in 2012† This is an individual submission. Submissions may be up to 1,250 words. For this write-up, please answer the following questions. Your answers should be derived from the material presented in the case, so you should not require outside sources in order to prepare your response. Please pay attention to the value of each question when determining how much effort to expend on answering it. Citations from the case may be simply a page number [e.g., Apple was

The Movie A Separation - 976 Words

The movie, A Separation, was a good movie to illustrate a how legal systems outside of the United States conduct their legal procedures and how incentives, structures, motivations, and biases shape their legal systems. The movie was based in a Middle Eastern setting in the country of Iran where the culture is very dissimilar opposed the Western European culture. Throughout the movie there were several scenes that displayed how the country’s legal system focused on different aspects and how they drawn different conclusions, and by whom the conclusions were drawn by. In short the movie was based on a couple who were in the midst of getting a divorce. During the process the wife, Simin, decided to leave her home in which the husband, Nader,their daughter, and the husbands father, which had Alzheimer’s, lived. In result of this Nader had to find a housekeeper to take care of his father while he and his daughter were away during the day. The housekeeper that was hired was a pregnant women named Razieh, who found the work to be too overbearing seeing that she had to do a lot of moving as well as cleaning the grandfather, who was unable to take care of his hygiene responsibilities. One day the grandfather happened to leave the house with Razieh unaware, which led her to search for him. She soon found him outside near the street where he was close to being struck by a car. To keep the grandfather from getting hit she rushed for him resulting in her getting hit by a car, leading toShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Movie What About Bob 980 Words   |  4 PagesWhat about Bob? is a movie starring Bill Murray as a patient named Bob Wiley. Bob is â€Å"almost paralyzed by multi phobic personality, in a constant state of panic; characterized by acute separation anxiety (Oz, 1991).† The movie provides comic relief to what can be considered life altering diagnoses. Bob has a multitude of phobias that prove to make his life extremely difficult. Referred by his previous psychiatrist, Bob is sent to see Dr. Leo Marvin. Dr. Marvin has just published a book, Baby StepsRead MoreSummary Of The Six Degrees Of Separation711 Words   |  3 Pagesemphasize over looked nuances and themes of such work. The film and play Six Degrees of Separation, written John Guare, demonstrates the evolution of a work when adapted to the big screen; themes of an original work and an adaptation may be the same at heart, but the difference in which they are conveyed brings intensity and a different measure of impact with each new retelling. The narrative configuration of the movie tells the same story as the play but in a new light and further emphasizes its themesRead More Essay on Shirows Ghost in the Shell877 Words   |  4 Pagesmain themes deal with the commodification of the flesh and body; the separation between ones spirit and body; and the idea that a static environment or organism a weak stronghold. Here I will choose to focus on how through details the film explicates these themes, rather than spending time extrapolating or explaining the themes in detail myself. nbsp; The first key scene to examine is the interlude midway through the movie in which Motoko wanders through the city as music is played, inducingRead MoreLooking At Blood Diamond With The Archetypal Criticism Essay1201 Words   |  5 Pagesthe diamonds to Guinea and Liberia. The rebels would also force children to become soldiers for them. The war lasted eleven years, with an estimated amount of 50,000 to 300,000 dead. The movie Blood Diamond is a 2006 political war thriller directed by Edward Zwick, about the Sierra Leone civil war. In the movie, the main character Solomon Vandy, an African fisherman, who survives a rebel attack on his village, is sent to work as a slave in a diamond-mining camp. During this, his family escapes andRead MoreA Reflection On Children Of Heaven972 Words   |  4 PagesA short reflection about â€Å"children of heaven† This paper is to write about a reflection for the Iran movie â€Å"Children of Heaven† in the angle of urban isolation among some family members, particularly for young children. In the movie, the protagonist boy lives with his little sister and father near the urban area. During the whole movie, it is noticed that most scenes happen between the two little children. Yet, his father has no sufficient time to company his children because he has to go to theRead MoreWhat About Bob Diagnosis1188 Words   |  5 PagesPsychology On-Line What About Bob Multi-phobic personality characterized by acute separation anxiety . . . This is Dr. Leo Marvins diagnosis of Bob Wiley in the movie What About Bob. But exactly what does this mean? We all seem to have a vague understanding of what a phobia is, whether is be from watching movies or our own personal experiences. But what exactly constitutes a phobia, and how does acute separation anxiety fit in to the diagnosis of this character? The Diagnostic and StatisticalRead MoreRisk of Violating Social Norms1041 Words   |  4 PagesWhen people break established rules in their community, others around them would have negative judgment on them. In the movie, Witness, directed by Peter Weir, James McFee and Paul Schaeffer remove detective John Book from their group because he is violating their actions, which is killing a man in the public restroom. In the article â€Å"Ain’t Nobody’s Business If You Do: Separation of Society and State† by Peter McWilliams, individ uals in the society do not care much about those who are not followingRead MorePeople Like Us, Social Class893 Words   |  4 PagesPeople like Us, Social Class in America Last class we watched an informative documentary named â€Å"People like Us, Social Class in America†. America is known to be a country defined by class. Throughout the movie it showed different opinions on what class was based on by different people and the answers varied from looks, house size, career choice, race, manners, upbringing, and education. As we move through life, most times we remove ourselves from different people not in our class to then live amongstRead MoreFight Club Movie vs. Book1414 Words   |  6 PagesEven considering the complicated format of the book, David Fincher managed to almost perfectly illustrate the novel Fight Club, by Chuck Palahniuk, in his movie of the same name. Although tempting to compare a book and its film counterpart on even grounds, as a substitute of one another, the tools used to create each one differ greatly and thus should be evaluated on a thematic level. While the reading audience has the chance to reread, and absorb the the mes in layers, the other audience is seeingRead MoreHow does Clint Eastwood, director of the film, Invictus, use the South African rugby team (the Springboks) as a vehicle to bring a troubled nation together?1119 Words   |  5 Pages(the Springboks) as a vehicle to bring a troubled nation together? Clint Eastwood shows the change in the nation of South Africa in Invictus, using the Springboks as a vehicle. He starts the film with large amounts of separation, followed by the steady change in the middle of the movie, and finishing with the nation combined. In the beginning of the film, Clint Eastwood shows how separated black and white people are and how they do not get along, due to the change of the government and the Springboks

The Legacy Of The Franklin Delano Roosevelt - 1025 Words

In Hyde Park, on January 30, 1882, Sara Delano Roosevelt gave birth to her first-born son, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Sara labored for over a day and nearly died during his birth. To save her, she was given chloroform, with great risk to her baby. When FDR was born, he was not breathing and was blue and thought to be dead. However, after the doctor performed mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, he began to breathe and recovered from the trauma. As a child, he went to Groton Preparatory School in Massachusetts followed by Harvard University, where he received his Bachelor’s degree in only three years! He then went on to Columbia University in New York where he studied law. In 1907, he left school and began practicing law with a New York City law firm for three years. He started developing an interest in politics in 1910 and was elected into the New York State Senate, as a Democrat, although he was originally from a Republican district. In 1905, he married Anna Eleanor Roosevelt, who was the niece of President Theodore Roosevelt whom he looked up to greatly. They had six children, although only five survived infancy. They were: Anna (born in 1906), James (born in 1907), Elliott (born in 1910), Franklin Jr. (born in 1914), and John (born in 1916). In 1912, FDR was re-elected to the Senate, where he supported Woodrow Wilson and his presidential campaign. To reward Franklin for his support, Woodrow Wilson gave him the job as Assistant Secretary of the Navy in 1913. He heldShow MoreRelatedThe Legacy Of Franklin Delano Roosevelt872 Words   |  4 Pagespreserved it; Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who rescued it from economic collapse and led it to victory in the greatest war of all time.†(Smith XI). Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the only President to serve four terms and had two great, important crisis in his presidency. He truly was a great leader, because he gave the people a sense of security during an era of distress. Although winning victory in the greatest war the world has ever known dominates Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s legacy, his savingRead MoreFranklin Roosevelt And The Great Depression1458 Words   |  6 PagesFranklin Delano Roosevelt, commonly known as FDR, coined the famous quote, â€Å"The only thin g we have to fear, is fear itself.† As America’s 32nd president, Roosevelt served four terms and pushed America towards the future. Franklin D. Roosevelt was prominent during America’s periods of turmoil. During the Great Depression he was well known for his organizations of relief, recovery, and reform; and at the time of World War II, he used his leadership to gain victory for the Allied forces. Roosevelt leftRead MoreGeneral Info And Early Political Career1401 Words   |  6 PagesGeneral info and Early Political Career Franklin Delano Roosevelt was born in 1882 in New York to a rich family. He went to Groton School and Harvard College to get an education. He married Eleanor Roosevelt and had six children with her. His hobbies included stamp collecting and relaxing on his yacht. He started his political career in 1910 when he joined the New York State Senate and then continued on as the Assistant Secretary of the Navy under President Woodrow Wilson. He ran for vice presidentRead MoreGeorge Washington s President Of The United States2433 Words   |  10 Pagesabided by the tradition of serving a maximum of two terms except for one, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Franklin Delano Roosevelt, commonly known as FDR, was born in 1882 in Hyde Park, New York. â€Å"He was the only child of James and Sara Delano Roosevelt. As a child Roosevelt was educated privately at home, when he turned fourteen he was sent to Gorton Preparatory School† (Freidel). Franklin Delano Roosevelt had been known to be rather active in his life. He enjoyed sports and had a busy socialRead MoreEleanor Roosevelts Childhood737 Words   |  3 PagesEleanor Roosevelt’s Childhood Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was an amazing lady. Think about it though, what comes to mind when you hear her name? For most people you think first lady, but there is a lot of information in her childhood that led up to her becoming all that she was. She was born on the 11th of October in New York in 1884. Her parents were Anna Hall Roosevelt and Elliott Roosevelt. But little Eleanor didn’t have the greatest childhood. She was always known as a shy and observant girl andRead MoreThe Life of Franklin D. Roosevelt1005 Words   |  5 PagesA mention of the name, Roosevelt D. Franklin to most Americans, rekindles the memories of the Second World War, the Manhattan projects and the subsequent bombing of two Japanese cities. What most of these people fail to understand is that Roosevelts presidency was the Second World War. Turth be told, Roosevelt is one the greatest presidents the United States ever had based on his personality and the challenges he faced while in the White House. T his paper discusses a number of aspects about oneRead MoreFranklin Roosevelt (FDR) Essay1224 Words   |  5 Pages Napolean Bonaparte once stated, â€Å"A leader is a dealer in hope.† Hoover and Roosevelt had very different viewpoints on how to handle the Great Depression. Hoover preferred â€Å"rugged individualism,† and FDR preferred â€Å"helping hand† philosophies. Hoover believed in assisting business in hope that this support would create a trickle down impact which would lead to investment and more jobs. FDR, on the other hand, wanted to provide people with jobs to increase confidence and correcting failures in certainRead MoreEssay on President FDR’s New Deal1042 Words   |  5 PagesDepression. Millions of Americans suffered hardships as the economy was in a free fall. Many Americans were unemployed and lost almost everything they had owned. In 1932, America realized it was time for a change, and elected Franklin Delano Roosevelt in a landslid e vote. Roosevelt promised to help end the depression and with his New Deal. The New Deal was Roosevelt’s plan to end the Great Depression. Through increased government spending, FDR enacted numerous public works programs in an effort to simulateRead MoreEleanor Roosevelt Essay928 Words   |  4 Pagespolitical changes that occurred as a result of the actions of  one  individual from the following list of United States leaders: †¢Ã‚   Martin Luther King, Jr. †¢Ã‚   Susan B. Anthony †¢Ã‚   Eleanor Roosevelt †¢Ã‚   Andrew Jackson Eleanor Roosevelt Born into a select group of families known as New York Society, Eleanor Roosevelt would become known for her compassion for all human kind, regardless of race, religion, sex or economic status. She would dedicate her life to fighting for the rights of women and childrenRead MoreFranklin D Roosevelt and the American Political System723 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿ The United States can be considered to be the result of its presidents and of the politics they undergone. Almost all the presidents of the United States are considered to have been leaders in their own times. From this point of view, Franklin Delano Roosevelt is one of the most influential and most powerful men in the history of the US. He led the United States out from a crisis the US would emerge victoriously and into a war it would win. The Great Depression and the period of the New Deal

Gabriel Garcia Marquez (spanis Essay Example For Students

Gabriel Garcia Marquez (spanis Essay By: Paul Phoenix E-mail: emailprotected Nacio el 6 de marzo de 1928 en Aracataca, Columbia , en el hogar de Gabriel Eligio Garcia, telegrafista y de Luisa Santiaga Marquez Iguaran. Siendo muy nio fue dejado al cuidado de sus abuelos maternos, el Coronel Nicolas Marquez Iguaran -su idolo de toda la vida- y Tranquilina Iguaran Cortes. El reconoce que su madre es quien descubre los personajes de sus novelas a traves de sus recuerdos. Por haber vivido retirado al comienzo de su padre, le fue difcil tratarlo con confianza en la adolescencia; nunca me sentia seguro frente a el, no sabia como complacerlo. El era de una seriedad que yo confundia con la incomprension, dice Garcia Marquez. En 1936, cuando murio su abuelo, fue enviado a estudiar a Barranquilla. En 1940, viajo a Zipaquira, donde fue becado para estudiar bachillerato. Alli, como no tena suficiente dinero para perder ni suficiente billar para ganar, preferia quedarme en el cuarto encerrado, leyendo, comenta el Nobel. En 1946 termino bachillerato. Al ao siguiente se matriculo en la Facultad de Ciencias Politicas de la Universidad Nacional y edito en diario El Espectador su cuento, La primera designacion. En 1950, escribio una columna en el periodico El Heraldo de Barranquilla, bajo el seudnimo de Septimus y en 1952, publico el captulo inicial de La Hojarasca, su primera novela en ese diario, en el que colaboro desde 1956. En 1958, se caso con Mercedes Barcha. Tienen dos hijos, Rodrigo y Gonzalo. Gabriel Garcia Marquez, quien esta radicado en Ciudad de Mexico desde 1975, en una vieja casona restaurada por el mismo, es amigo cercano de inportantes personalidades mundiales, lo fue de Omar Torrijos y conserva fuertes lazos con Fidel Castro, Carlos Andres Perez, Francois Miterrand, los presidentes de Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia y otros muchos. El 11 de diciembre de 1982, despues de que por votacion unanime de los 18 miembros de la Academia Sueca, fue galardonado con el Premio Nobel de Literatura por su obra. La vida y obra del Nobel Garcia Marquez ha sido reconocida publicamente: en 1961 recibio el Premio Esso, en 1977, fue homenajeado en el XIII Congreso Internacional de Literatura Iberoamericana; en 1971, declarado Doctor Honoris Causa por la Universidad de Columbia, en Nueva York; en 1972, obtuvo el Premio Romulo Gallegos por su obra La Candida Erendira y su abuela desalmada. En 1981, el gobierno frances le concedio la condecoracion Legion de Honor en el grado de Gran Comendador. Ese ao asistio a la posesion de su amigo y Presidente de la Republica, Francois Miterrand. En 1992, fue nombrado jurado del Festival de Cine de Cannes. Algunas de sus obras literarias fueron; 1955 La Hojarasca, La Mala Hora, El Coronel No Tiene Quien Le Escriba, Los Funerales de la Mama Grande, 1967 Cien Anos de Soledad, El Otono del Patriarca, Cronica de una Muerte Anunciada, El Amor en los Tiempos del Colera ,Doce Cuentos Peregrinos. El ultimo libro de Gabriel Garcia Marquez fue publicado en 1994. Sobre el, Del amor y otros demonios, dijo Alvaro Mutis: es una novela perfecta desde el punto de vista historico, con fuertes planteamientos de caracter dogmatico en la que aparecen ciertos personajes cuya caracterizacion es realmente genial. Gabriel Garcia Marquez, quien hoy prepara un libro que titulara La profesion mas hermosa del mundo, sobre periodismo, a sus 66 aos es considerado por un importante grupo de intelectuales como el escritor vivo mas importante del mundo, segun lecturas dominicales de El Tiempo del 28 de agosto de 1994. Gabo, quien alterna su vida entre Mexico y Colombia, practicamente vive en un avion. Ha recorrido el mundo entero y engrandecido el nombre del pais en el exterior, llevando nuestros paisajes y costumbres de un continente a otro, itinerario que inicio en 1957 cuando visito la Republica Democratica Alemana, Checoslovaquia, Polonia, Hungria y la Union Sovietica, temas de su articulo Noventa dias en la cortina de hierro. Despues de 1967 cuando se fue a vivir a Barcelona y cuando el mundo se dio cuenta de su obra maestra Cien Aos de Soledad, que ha marcado la historia de la literatura de nuestro siglo, Garcia Marquez se ha convertido en invitado de honor de sucesos intercontinentales, de congresos, de festivales, de posesiones y de eventos, porque su presencia tiene un valor muy especial. Sin duda alguna, Gabriel Garcia Marquez es el escritor ejemplar y moderno quien enfoca mas sus obras literarias con los temas de la murte y la soledad y que escribe con el estilo del realismo magico. .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3 , .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3 .postImageUrl , .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3 , .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3:hover , .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3:visited , .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3:active { border:0!important; } .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3:active , .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3 .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u33b76ecfa6e8daf904e098c3fc89f8c3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In Cold Blood: Death Penalty Capital Punishment ha Essay Word Count: 746

The Crucible Essays (283 words) - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible

The Crucible In The Crucible by Arthur Miller, some of the characters showed courage when the live's of their loved ones were at risk. One of the main character's in the play was John Proctor. He showed courage when his wife, Elizabeth was accused of being a witch. When John found out that it was Abigail Williams, John's mistress, who accused Elizabeth he said, ?Fear nothing. I'll find Ezekial Cheever. I'll tell him that it was all sport.?(p.61, Proctor). Being it was Abigail who had accused Elizabeth made it difficult for John. John and Elizabeth had a very heated argument about Abigail. She believed that Abigail was out to kill her. She said to John, ?Spoke or silent, a promise is surely made. And she may dote on it now - I am sure she does - and thinks to kill me, then to take my place.?(p.61, Elizabeth). John doesn't seem to think that Abigail would do such a terrible thing to Elizabeth. Elizabeth says, ?It is her dearest hope, John, I know it. There be a thousand names; why does she call mine? There be a certain danger in calling such a name - I am no Goody Good that leeps in ditches, nor Osburn, drunk and half-witted. She'd dare not call out such a farmer's wife but there be monstrous profit in it. She thinks to take my place, John.?(p.61, Elizabeth) Elizabeth also said, ?You'll tear it free - when you come to know that I will be your only wife, or no wife at all! She has an arrow in you yet, John Proctor, and you know it well!?(p.62, Elizabeth) Another issue that made it difficult for John to prove Elizabeth was innocent was that John did not attend church.

Should the NCAA Continue to Monitor and Enforce Compliance on the Collegiate Level

Should the NCAA Continue to Monitor and Enforce Compliance on the Collegiate Level Introduction The National Collegiate Academic Association was established approximately one hundred years ago with the principal objective of monitoring and regulating athletic sports practices at the collegiate level and universities. The main purpose of the organization is to ensure fairness, safety, equitability and sportsmanlike conduct in intercollegiate athletics (NCAA, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Should the NCAA Continue to Monitor and Enforce Compliance on the Collegiate Level? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More NCCA also aims at ensuring the integration of intercollegiate athletics into higher education in order to ensure that the educational experience of the student-athlete is supreme. This implies that the policies adopted by the body embraces both academics and athletics excellence. In the light of this view, there is need for institutional control, which broadly refers to efforts adopted by the institutions to comply with the NCCA rules and look into violations that may take place (NCAA, 2011). Intercollegiate athletics in the present day is characterized by a number of complex legislations, administrative processes and laws. Effective implementation of these needs comprehensive knowledge and feasible advice in order to foster compliance in an area that is often characterized by extreme public scrutiny (Bill, 2011). In addition, effective implementation within the context of higher education needs a cost-effective implementation of the resources in a manner that is consistent with the educational goals of NCCA. The current state of collegiate sports is characterized with cases of increasing scandals, improper benefits, violations by the sports agents and those in charge of recruitment poses the need to investigate the effectiveness of the NCAA to foster compliance and monitoring of the collegiate institutions and their respective sports practices (Taylor, 2011). The re al problem is within the organizational structure of the collegiate sports. Cases of malpractices within the collegiate sports are on the increase. For instance, during 2010, the National Collegiate Athletic Association summoned the University of Southern California after finding out cases of improper benefits. According to reports by Yahoo Sports, millions of dollars had been given to at least seventy Hurricanes Football players in a period of at least 8 years.Advertising Looking for proposal on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The real scandal cannot be attributed to the improper benefits and malpractice by the agents and recruiter, rather with the structure and the principles that NCAA justifies its establishment basing on the principles of amateurism and student athlete. Notable violations include the skeptical hoaxes, legalistic confections that are initiated by higher institutions in order to e xploit the fame and the skills of the youthful athletes (Smith, 2011). This culminates to unfair and unequal treatment of the college athletes due to the fact that some are paid while others are not. There will be a number of ethical and legal issues concerning this research including the principle of voluntary participation, preservation and anonymity of the respondents and the potential harm or good that may be as a result of the research (Ruane, 2005). This research will serve to add to the current knowledge regarding the status of the collegiate sports and to determine whether the NCAA should continue monitoring and reinforcing compliance. Variables Independent Variables: The types of collegiate athletics malpractices: the various types of malpractices will be used as a major indicator of the compliance and regulative failures associated with the structure and objectives of NCAA. Number of college institutions complying with the NCAA rules: This variable will be used to evaluat e the prevalence of college athletics malpractices between complying and non-complying institutions The number of students involved in sports malpractices: This will be used to assess the rate of involvement of students in the violations of NCAA rules and the underlying causation factors for their involvement in malpractices in college sports. This will be vital in assessing the structural failures of the institutions that are not complying with the NCAA rules Unfairness among the college athletes and the NCAA rules and regulations: this will indicate the ineffectiveness of the implementation of the NCAA rules and regulations by the colleges. The documented number of violations by the college institutions in the United States. Dependent Variables: The need to reinforce monitoring and compliance by the NCAA: this will depend on the extremities of the identified malpractices due to non-compliance The effectiveness of NCAA in reducing malpractices in collegiate sports, which will dep end on the overall extent of the violations of the NCAA. Summary The increase in violations and malpractices in collegiate sports questions the effectiveness of the NCAA in fostering monitoring and compliance of the college institutions (Bill, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom proposal sample on Should the NCAA Continue to Monitor and Enforce Compliance on the Collegiate Level? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Notable areas of concern include cases of increasing scandals, improper benefits, violations by the sports agents and those in charge of recruitment poses the need to investigate the effectiveness of the NCAA to foster compliance and monitoring of the collegiate institutions and their respective sports. Ethical and legal issues identified that are associated with carrying out of this research include principle of voluntary participation, preservation and anonymity of the respondents and the potential harm or good that m ay be as a result of the research. This research will be an effective tool that can be used for recommendations regarding the reinforcement of compliance by the NCAA. Review Of Literature An increase in the number of scandals entailing college athletes receiving money and other types of improper benefits and with the increase in the cases of violations by the sports agents and the recruiting personnel has tainted the reputation that college sports had. Collegiate institutions such as the University of Miami, University of South Carolina and the University of North Carolina have been on the limelight for violation of the NCAA rules rather than administering education to students (Elkin, 2011). The NCAA has the sole responsibility of enforcing accountability within the college; however, it has been hesitant to adopt strategies to address the increasing cases of the violations of the established rules and regulations. Mc Millen (2011) considers the assumption that the National Collegia te Athletic Association can implement safeguards and administer punishments for the institutions that violate its rules as a wishful thinking. In the light of this, Mc Millen (2011) asserts that the NCAA is not ready to address the problems that it created; as a result, the college trustees should play a forefront role in ensuring the goals of NCAA are achieved together with the educational excellence of student athletes.Advertising Looking for proposal on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reforms in the NCAA to constrain colleges’ expenditure in sports have failed since most of such transactions are carried off the book, making it hard to detect and administer punishments (Taylor, 2011). The situation is worsened by the perception that college athletics is a multi-billion dollar industry characterized by sports budgets that are bloated and highly paid trainers and coaches and recruiters who use the funds available to recruit the top talent in the sport. The ineffectiveness of the NCAA in punishment administration is worsened by the fact that the most of culprits often move on after the punishment for administration have been issued. For instance, Mc Millen (2011) notes the USD 4 million annual pay for football coach within the University of South Carolina. While the NCAA was investigating the matter, the accused coach was given another contract as the head coach for a five year contract at Seattle Seahawks worth USD 30 million. By the time the sanctions agains t the football team at the USC were issued, the coach was already gone. This is a clear indication of structural failures with the organization. Mc Millen (2011) says that colleges usually take pride when their sports teams are successful. Cases of scandals usually affect their reputations. In the light of this view, Mc Millen (2011) proposes that colleges have the inherent capacity and capability to deploy measures to eliminate the malpractices in collegiate sport programs. This implies that the college trustees and the college regents can effectively adopt effective solutions when compared to the NCAA president s who are less conversant in collegiate sports programs and are faced with intense economic pressure from the fans (Mc Millen, 2011). Presently, most of the boards are extremely comfortable with their athletic departments; as a result, most of the board members tend to forget that their responsibility is to safeguard the institutions and not the trainers and coaches and sat isfying the fans. This puts the college trustees in a position that they can effectively maintain the standards (Smith, 2011). In addition, a significant number of the colleges are laxative in relation to their sports programs due to the high profits accrued from the sports broadcasting and the revenue received from the fans. This results in reluctance towards the policing of the practices of the coaches, the players and the directors of athletic departments (Fleisher, 1992). Therefore, the trustees and regents of collegiate institutions have a legal and moral obligation to ensure that they are involved in practices that are deemed right for their institutions (Fiutak, 2011). The adoption of the recommendations by the Association of Governing Boards and Colleges will help in minimizing cases associated with the violations of the NCAA legislations and the law. Some of the recommendations by Mc Millen (2011) to eliminate malpractices in the collegiate sports include annual approval of the budgets for the sports programs and their most important capital expenses by the college regents; annual auditing of the expenditures incurred by the athletic department by external auditors who are independent; establishment of a committee that have the responsibility of monitoring compliance with the NCAA legislations and the academic performance of the student athlete and the approval of coach and directors compensation by the board (Yaeger, 1991). A survey conducted by Mc Millen (2011) concluded that a number of colleges are starting to acknowledge the significance of these recommendations. For instance, regents undertake annual auditing of the athletic department within the Kansas State University. Similar practices were adopted at the University of Michigan through the signing off on the operating and capital budgets adopted by the athletic department. In addition, panels have been established to address athletic problems have been established in the University of Colorad o and Georgetown University, University of Wisconsin, University of Oklahoma and Texas AM University (Taylor, 2011). These colleges are also embarking on the approval of any adjustments in the compensation for their athletic personnel. Mc Millen (2011) therefore concluded that the NCAA requires to be more careful in ensuring that colleges comply with its legislations and foster accountability within the college boards. In addressing the issues in college sports, schools do not have the responsibility in addressing the violations of the rules, but can help in preventing their occurrences, which serves to take place of the void created by the incapability of the NCAA (Mc Millen, 2011). The increasing number of sanctions adopted by the NCAA issued to Ohio, Texas, Auburn and Tennessee denotes the nature of the present college sports. This poses significant concerns as to who is to be blamed, and the steps that NCAA can implement in order to fix all the problems that are facing college a thletics. Fiutak (2011) argues that the NCAA is responsible for the present state of affairs in college athletics and argues that the problem is mainly due to rules that are deemed unrealistic and unfair. In addition, the situation is worsened by the fact that the NCAA openly admitted that it lacks the capability to reinforce the rules that it established. Fiutak further argues that the NCAA has not adopted fruitful efforts in preventing sports programs from engaging in cheating and ensuring that there are minimal cases of improper benefits and incentives. Fiutak (2011) agrees with Mc Millen (2011) that NCAA lacks that the capability to fix the issues of compliance and monitoring of the college institutions with regard to college sports. Fiutak notes that most of the scandals in college sports are usually uncovered by the media and concludes that the legislative measures adopted by NCAA are not effective in imposing some level of deterrence. There are no simple solutions to address the complex issues rocking college athletics (Mc Millen, 2011). There are number of limitations of the NCAA in addressing this issue of compliance and monitoring of college sports programs. A practical limitation that NCAA faces is the manpower and the resources required for investigating scandals in the college sports programs. Unless the media is legalized to blow up the scandals, this task is considered as too big for the NCAA; a fact that the organization has already admitted. The second constraint is that the NCAA can be provided with wrong facts. This is worsened by the fact that there are no legal provisions at the federal and state level that can result to perjury charges for providing the NCAA with falsified information (NCAA, 2011). This means that lack of appropriate and accurate evidence makes it hard for the NCAA to administer punishment and reinforce its compliance and monitoring goals. It is important for the NCAA to have an understanding of its limitations, and explo it them to develop effective solutions to the problems facing college sports programs. Fiutak (2011) suggests the granting of amnesty for the scandals that took place in the past as a starting point, after which the colleges, coaches and administrators must engage in self-reporting by collaborative working with the NCAA. According to this approach, compliance, monitoring and accountability rests with the college, and the NCAA only steps in during cases of the violations of the legislations. Case by case analysis is needed for violations that are done off-the-book without the involvement of the major parties (Mc Millen, 2011). Leniency is guaranteed provided that there are self-reporting efforts and corrective steps aimed at making the situation right. Any potential cases of violations and deviations from the principles of NCAA are adequate enough to amount to ban from participation in the NCAA championships. Fiutak notes that the current steps adopted by the NCAA are not effective a nd it is time to step out of the line and use stringent legislations that have no provisions for future scandals and malpractices. In addition, Fiutak recommends that the players are also supposed to be allocated a fair share of the blame and face the consequences. This approach however requires much effort from the coaches in terms of individual monitoring of the players. The focus should also aim at helping the student athletes achieve their academic goals. Fiutak concludes that the issues of compliance and monitoring are fixable, although NCAA has to be more realistic due to the fact that times have changed and its approaches also need a review (Fiutak, 2011). Lack of institutional control by the NCAA is also a significant issue that imposes significant impacts on the compliance and monitoring of college sports programs. The NCAA has been on the forefront in highlighting the institutions that have violated its legislations and engaged in malpractices (Mc Millen, 2011). The outcom e of this is there is increasing frenzy while there are no feasible solutions. As a result, NCAA has managed to escape scrutiny, yet the real issue rests within its administrative structure. The NCAA is considered corrupt, which is a significant constraint towards effective implementation of compliance and monitoring by the colleges. In addition, the NCAA establishes the rules as times goes by. Most of the justification for the sanctions adopted by NCAA base on a reasoning that is post hoc, making it almost impractical for the colleges to navigate (Elkin, 2011). For instance, in the case of the sanctions imposed on the University of South Carolina, heavy penalties were imposed due to lack of compliance. A survey by Fiutak (2011) reported that the NCAA does not have guidelines in its legislations stating the minimum number of compliance officers that the individual colleges must have. In the case of USC, the NCAA did not state prior to the sanction that the college did not have suffi cient compliance officers. Lack of clarity in the NCAA legislations makes it difficult to implement effective compliance and monitoring in sports programs in colleges. Lack of institutional control is one of the principal reasons why NCAA is not effective in ensuring compliance and monitoring of the colleges and their respective athletics programs. The semi-voluntary nature of the organization imposes significant limitations regarding its level of institutional control and its susceptibility to manipulation by the colleges (Taylor, 2011). It is arguably evident that most of elements of theoretical framework have focused on the role that the colleges’ trustees and regents can play in ensuring compliance and monitoring frameworks. The existing and proposed solutions on the issue have shifted focus from the structural role of NCAA in fostering compliance and monitoring of the college sports programs (Taylor, 2011). This creates a void between the institutional roles and accounta bility and the role of the NCAA in ensuring that the colleges comply with its regulations in order to eliminate cases of malpractices in collegiate athletics. Despite the efforts adopted by colleges to enhance accountability and compliance, the NCAA has a responsibility of ensuring that compliance is actually taking places according to the reports by the colleges (Taylor, 2011). Effective implementation needs adequate institutional control for this strategy to be effective. This poses the need to determine whether the NCAA should continue monitoring and enforcing compliance at the collegiate level, which is the primary focus of this research. Research Question Owing to the current status of athletic at collegiate level, it is vital to deploy appropriate structural policies to ensure that institutions at collegiate level are complying with the legislations established by the NCAA. Prior to reaching a conclusive opinion, it is also important to assess the effectiveness of the current monitoring and compliance strategies. This will provide a theoretical framework that describes the conditions under which the proposed monitoring and compliance enforcement should take place. Basing on this framework, the following is the research question. Should the NCAA continue to monitor and enforce compliance on the collegiate level? Method Purpose When assessing the effectiveness of the NCAA in eliminating malpractice in college sports programs and the attainment of educational excellence for student athlete, most authors relied on qualitative approaches for their surveys and the resulting conclusions. This study will deploy a qualitative approach to determine the answer to the established research question (Ruane, 2005). A significant body of research in relation to the topic based on the roles and responsibilities of the colleges in enhancing accountability and fostering compliance with the rules and legislations of the NCAA. This leaves a void in assessing the effectivenes s of the NCAA in monitoring and enforcing compliance. This is the framework adopted in this research, which focuses on the role of the role of the NCAA in monitoring and enforcing compliance at the collegiate level. On a wider perspective, the purpose of this research is to assess the effectiveness of the NCAA in addressing the problems associated with the sports programs at the collegiate level. On a narrow perspective, this research aims at determining whether or not the NCAA should continue monitoring and enforcing compliance on the collegiate level. Paradigm The knowledge acquisition for this method will be based on actual research and primary sources. The research will make use of previous theoretical frameworks as a philosophical model for knowledge acquisition (Ruane, 2005). This implies that the actual findings from the research will be compared with the existing findings and theoretical model as a framework for arriving at the answer of the research questions. This implies that the research will significantly rely on primary data sources, which will be achieved using the data collection methods outlined later in this research proposal (Maxwell, 1996). In order to determine the accuracy of the discussion of the findings and recommendations, a comparative approach is recommended through the analysis of the influences of the research methodologies on the research findings and conclusions. Primary research involves the data acquisition based on first-hand information by the researcher (Fisher, 2007). This will be carried out using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, which will be based on a one-on-one approach with the respondent. Primary data sources serves as an effective method of carrying out a research because the information gathered is usually raw and has not been manipulated, this in turn increases the accuracy of the research study (Ruane, 2005). In addition, the primary data collected can be used to match against the secondary sources for accuracy purposes (Maxfield Babbie, 2009). The various ways of gathering primary data that were used during the research include questionnaires and interviews. Study design Research method is determined by the structure of the research question and the research context. Social research aims at providing an explanation for current state of affairs using predetermined variables (May, 2001). Research significantly depends on probability; therefore, providing an explanation why a given variable plays a significant role in determining the outcome is vital (Ruane, 2005). This implies that it is imperative for the research to put more emphasis on the findings, coupled with a correlation to the available theoretical frameworks to explain the effectiveness of the NCAA in addressing issues associated lack of institutional control and compliance (Nardi, 2003). When carrying out a research, the researcher can choose between qualitative and quantitative approaches. Quantitative approach en tails the compilation and breakdown of experimental data and statistics to result to infer a conclusion; it involves collecting data through investigative units such as questionnaires (Maxfield Babbie, 2009). Qualitative approach on the other hand utilizes analysis and evaluation of qualitative data through interviews and observation to reach a conclusion. This research requires the analysis of qualitative data that will be collected from the coaching staff, college administrators, compliance officials and personnel of the NCAA in relation to its effectiveness in enforcing compliance and monitoring the athletics programs at the collegiate level (Maxfield Earl, 2011). In addition, data collected will also entail the opinions of the players regarding the need for the NCAA to continue monitoring and enforcing compliance (Ruane, 2005). The data acquisition methods will incorporate both primary and secondary sources. This are because the data collected was in form of questionnaires and interviews, which are both quantitative and qualitative respectively. The deductive approach will be used since the research will begin with a description of concepts such as the variables affecting the effectiveness of NCAA, after which it will involve an analysis of empirical evidence. Therefore, a deductive approach was used because the research study commences with a research hypothesis and terminates with empirical measurement, analysis and evaluation of research findings (Ruane, 2005). Population and sample The target population for this research will mainly include college institutions in the state of South Carolina. The sample population will include the compliance officers in the colleges, staffs of athletic departments, NCAA personnel and the players. This implies that the sampling approach to be used in the research will be quota sampling in the sense that the respondents are grouped in accordance with their roles and responsibilities in ensuring accountability and compl iance with the regulations of the NCAA (Ritchie Lewis, 2003). Investigative techniques Data consists of two types: primary data which is collected by the researcher and secondary data which is collected by other researchers (Neuman, 2003). The research will utilize mainly primary data sources. Data collection is a significant requirement for the success of any social research since it determines the success of the research in terms of facilitating the inference of conclusions. This implies that a research should significantly rely on statistical data since it deploys a probabilistic approach to offer a rational explanation to the ways things are currently in the social context (Fisher, 2007). Questionnaires Ruane (2005, p.123) defines questionnaire as â€Å"self-contained, self-administered instrument for asking questions†. The questionnaire will be used to gather information on the perceptions of police workforce basing on gender orientations. The use of questionnaire is pr eferred because it facilitates the researchers to acquire enormous amounts of data within a limited time frame. The use of questionnaire will also provide a first-hand data from the respondents regarding the effectiveness of the NCAA in addressing the problems facing athletic programs at the collegiate level (Neuman Kreuger, 2006). The primary objective of a questionnaire is to encourage and offer motivation to the respondent to actively participate in the interview. This will be achieved through the use of interesting questions and visual aid representations for clarity. The respondents will be asked their opinions as to whether the NCAA should continue to monitor and enforce compliance at collegiate level. This will be aimed at captivating the motivation of the respondents to actively participate in the research study. The questionnaire will comprise of structured and unstructured (open) questions. A structured question can be either in form of multiple choices, dichotomous quest ions or scales (Ruane, 2005). Dichotomous questions are designed to collect the fundamental data from respondents such as Male or Female, age and other basic personal information. Dichotomous questions will save time required for the respondents to answer the questions. They will be in a simple format involving Yes or No multiple choice questions (Fisher, 2007). Checklists will be used to obtain diverse information from the respondents such as the minimum number of compliance officers required, whether monitoring and compliance is required or not, and whether the NCAA should be disbanded altogether. All these will be helpful in determining the need for monitoring and compliance enforcement within the colleges (Neuman W. L., 2003). Ratio Scales will be designed as a five-point scale range between 0 and 5 to indicate extremes of the need for changes in the structural and administrative organization of the NCAA. The will also be the open ended questions where the respondents will be ab le to open clarify and express their opinions in detail concerning the overall effectiveness of the NCAA in meeting specific requirements posed by collegiate sports requirements. This research aims to collect approximately 100 questionnaires from the various regions in the state of South Carolina. Semi-structured interviews Semi-structured interviews provide a large number of qualitative data. However, the limiting factor towards this approach is that interviews a lot of time. The semi-structured interviews will mainly involve selected players at collegiate level. Willing players will be interviewed immediately (Maxfield Babbie, 2009). Focus groups Ruane (2005) argues that focus groups are one of the most effective methods of gathering collective data. In addition, it offers an interactive approach to research. Focus groups used in the research will comprise of six individuals; three females and three males, with one facilitator. The proposed duration for a focus group meeting will range from forty five minutes to one hour. Instrumentation An Initial pilot study will be done in order to ensure the quality and accuracy of the questionnaire and interview’s questions. It will also be used to test the reliability and validity of the primary research through discussions with friends. The initial pilot study will be aimed at detecting and rectification of the difficulties concerning the questionnaires such as cases of ambiguity in the questions and lack of clarity (Neuman, 2003). It will be carried within the surroundings of the university and the neighbourhood. Data collections The collections will be collected within duration of one week after being issued to the respondents. In cases where possible, questionnaires will be distributed electronically to the target respondents. For electronic submissions, mail alerts will be used, while call alerts will be used for individual submission of the questionnaire (Maxfield Babbie, 2009). Data analysis plan Data a nalysis is an essential phase in research because it is used to infer conclusions. The research findings will offer a framework for determining the answer to the research question. It is therefore important that the data collected should be as accurate as possible to facilitate the process of data analysis. The data collected during the research will mainly entail qualitative data. This implies that both inferential and descriptive statistics was used to arrive at the conclusion (Maxfield Babbie, 2009). Descriptive statistics in research usually serve to summarize and describe data with quantities such as percentage, proportion, mean, mode, mode and other descriptive statistical quantities. Inferential statistics on the other hand was used to generalize on the sample population; it will generally entail the use of statistical tests such as variance, chi-square, standard deviation and other statistical test variables (Fisher, 2007). The approach for data analysis will consist of mai nly univariate data analysis, which examines the distribution of one statistical variable at a time. Bivariate data analysis will also be deployed in analysis cases that will require the evaluation of the relationship between two variables, for example, the relationship that exists between compliance enforcement and the occurrence of violations and scandals (Fisher, 2007). Ethical consideration (Human Subject Protections) Any social research must put into consideration the various ethical and legal concerns associated with conducting a social research (Neuman, 2003). Firstly, the questionnaire and interview questions should be devoid of sensitive questions. Majority of people fear for their views to be known and they seek confidentiality. The following is an outline of the ethical and legal issues associated with the research. The principle of voluntary participation: it requires that no correspondent will be forced into participating. In order to achieve these, the questionnaires will be issued to only participants who will be willing to participate in the research study. Preservation and anonymity of the respondents: all social research studies should aim at guaranteeing the anonymity and confidentiality of the respondents. All the information gathered will not be revealed to anyone under any circumstance. In addition the questionnaires will not be asking the respondents their names and associated personal information. The social research should guarantee no harm to participants and researchers before, during and after the research study. It is an ethical requirement of a social research study that the researcher should not put the respondent in a harmful situation through his participation in the project. All participant shall receive equal treatment without prejudice and they will be informed the reasons for the research prior to their participation. Assumptions The responses from the participants will be honest The number of the responses is adequate e nough to carry out accurate data analysis and answer the research question The data distribution will be normal Limitations The significant constraint that the research will face is the time constraints. This may result to inadequate collection of questionnaires. This may result to a higher marginal error. Another problem was that some target respondents might not be interested in answering the questions during the research and during interview. Some respondents may also provide inaccurate information, which will affect the accuracy of the findings and their respective interpretation. Data analysis and interpretation will deploy adequate provisions in order to addresses the anticipated marginal error imposed by the research methodology. Timeline period Task January Week 1-week 2 Research on more literature and read them. Week 3-week 4 Read on literature and make required notes February Week 1 Research on project management techniques. week 2 Make required consu ltations to matters pertaining the project Week 3 Identification of potential research areas Week 4 Gathering of necessary requirements for the research March Week 1 Design the questionnaire and interview questions. Establish Pilot questionnaires and interviews. Week 2 Restructure and review questionnaire and interview questions. Week 3 Draft the literature review and edit it. Week 4 Collect questionnaires and make appointments of interviews. April Week 1 Write literature review. Week 2 Revise the literature review and make necessary adjustments. Week 3 Data collection through questionnaires and interview Week 4 Continue with questionnaire and interviews. May Week 1 Analyse results of primary data. Week 2 Analyse results of primary data. Week 3 Write the research report Week 4 Conduct thorough Proof reading. Week 5 Submission of dissertation. References Bill, N. (2011, June 20). College Football 2011: With NCAA Amateurism a Joke, Heres How to Fix the Mess. Retrieved from Bleacher Report, Inc: http://bleacherreport.com/articles/741984-ncaa-and-amateurism-are-a-joke-how to-fix-the-college-football-mess/page/3 Elkin, A. (2011, August 17). NCAAs stricter academic rules: What does it mean for your team? Retrieved from CNN: http://news.blogs.cnn.com/2011/08/17/ncaas-stricter-academic-rules-what-does it-mean-for-your-team/ Fisher, C. (2007). Researching and writing a dissertation. Edinburgh: Pearson Education Limited. Fiutak, P. (2011, June 8). What The NCAA Needs To Do To Fix The System. Retrieved from CollegeFootballNews.com: http://cfn.scout.com/2/1077987.html Fleisher, A. (1992). The National Collegiate Athletic Association: a study in cartel behavior. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Maxfield, M., Babbie, E. (2009). Basics of Research Methods for Criminal Justice and Criminology. California: Wadsworth. Maxfield, M., Earl, B. (2011). Basics of Research Methods for Criminal Justice and Criminology. New Y ork: Cengage Learning. Maxwell, J. (1996). Qualitative research design: An interactive approach. Thousand Oaks: Sage. May, T. (2001). Social Research Issues, methods and process. Maidenhead: OUP. Mc Millen, T. (2011, August 31). Accountability on the Quad. Retrieved from The New York Times: nytimes.com/2011/09/01/opinion/how-to-referee-college sports.html?_r=1 Nardi, P. (2003). Doing Survey Research- A Guide to Quantitative Methods. Boston: Pearson Education Inc. NCAA. (2011). Rules Compliance. Retrieved from ncaa.org/wps/wcm/connect/public/NCAA/Enforcement/Process/Char ing# Neuman, W. L. (2003). Social Research Methods- Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. Boston: Pearson Education Inc. Neuman, W. L., Kreuger, L. (2006). Social work research methods with research navigator. New York: Allyn Bacon. Ritchie, J., Lewis, J. (2003). Qualitative research practice: a guide for social science students and researchers. Sage Publications: London. Ruane, J. M. (2005). Essentials of Res earch methods: a guide to social science research. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishers. Smith, E. (2011, May). USC vehemently disagrees with NCAAs rejection of appeal. Retrieved from USA Today: http://content.usatoday.com/communities/campusrivalry/post/2011/05/usc reaction-vehemently-disagree-ncaa-appeal-denied/1 Taylor, B. (2011, October). The Shame of College Sports. Retrieved from The Atlantic: theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2011/10/the shame-of-college-sports/8643/?single_page=true Yaeger, D. (1991). Undue process: the NCAAs injustice for all. New York: Sports Publishing LLC.

Hares and Rabbits - Leporidae - The Animal Encyclopedia

Hares and Rabbits - Leporidae - The Animal Encyclopedia Hares and rabbits (Leporidae) together form a group of lagomorphs that includes about 50 species of hares, jackrabbits, cottontails and rabbits. Hares and rabbits have short bushy tails, long hind legs and long ears. In most of the ecosystems they occupy, hares and rabbits are the prey of numerous species of carnivores and predatory birds. Consequently, hares and rabbits are well-adapted for speed (necessary for outrunning their many predators). The long back legs of hares and rabbits enable them to launch into motion quickly and sustain the fast running speeds for considerable distances. Some species can run as fast as 48 miles per hour. The ears of hares and rabbits are generally quite large and well suited to efficiently capture and locate sounds. This enables them to take notice of potential threats at the first suspicious sound. In hot climates, large ears offers hares and rabbits an additional benefit. Due to their large surface area, the ears of hares and rabbits serve to disperse excess body heat. Indeed, hares that live in more tropical climates have larger ears than do those that live in colder climes (and thus have less need for heat dispersal). Hares and rabbits have eyes that are positioned on either side of their head such that their field of vision includes a complete 360 degree circle around their body. Their eyes are large, enabling them to take in ample light in the dim conditions present during the dawn, dark and dusk hours when they are active. The term hare is generally used to refer only to true hares (animals belonging to the genus Lepus). The term rabbit is used to refer to all remaining subgroups of the Leporidae. In broad terms, hares tend to be more specialized for rapid and sustained running while rabbits are more adapted for digging burrows and exhibit lower levels of running stamina. Hares and rabbits are  herbivores. They feed on a variety of plants including grasses, herbs, leaves, roots, bark and fruits. Since these food sources are difficult to digest, hares and rabbits must eat their feces so that food passes through their digestive tract twice and they can extract every last nutrient possible from their meals. This double digestive process is in fact so vital to hares and rabbits that if they are prevented from eating their feces, they will suffer malnutrition and die. Hares and rabbits have a nearly worldwide distribution that excludes only Antarctica, parts of South America, most islands, parts of Australia, Madagascar, and the West Indies. Humans have introduced hares and rabbits to many habitats they otherwise would not naturally inhabit. Hares and rabbits reproduce sexually. They exhibit high reproductive rates as a response to the high mortality rates they often suffer at the hands of predation, disease and harsh environmental conditions. Their gestation period averages between 30 and 40 days. Females give birth to between 1 and 9 young and in most species, they produce several litters per year. The young wean at about 1 month of age and reach sexual maturity quickly (in some species, for example, they are sexually mature at just 5 months of age). Size and Weight About 1 to 14 pounds and between 10 and 30 inches long. Classification Hares and rabbits are classified within the following taxonomic hierarchy: Animals Chordates Vertebrates Tetrapods Amniotes Mammals Lagomorphs Hares and Rabbits There are 11 groups of hares and rabbits. These include true hares, cottontail rabbits, red rock hares, and European rabbits as well as several other small groups. Evolution The earliest representative of hares and rabbits is thought to be Hsiuannania, a ground dwelling herbivore that lived during the Paleocene in China. Hsiuannania is know from just a few fragments of teeth and jaw bones but scientists are quite certain that the hares and rabbits originated somewhere in Asia.